Insufficient Deterrence. A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even when only mild punishment is threatened.
One group of participants was given $1 for lying while another group was given $20 to lie. They found that the $1 group rated the task as being a lot more fun than the $20 group. The insufficient justification effect occurred.
Using it. To stop someone doing something, don’t threaten massive punishment. Threaten only just enough (or use some other minimal technique) to stop them for a while.
Conducted 2 experiments in the traditional “forbidden toy” paradigm to test the hypothesis that derogation of the forbidden toy is a means of making the temptation to play with the toy less frustrative, rather than of reducing cognitive dissonance. Ss were a total of 146 nursery school children (mean age = 4 yrs).
Dissonance can be reduced in one of three ways: a) changing existing beliefs, b) adding new beliefs, or c) reducing the importance of the beliefs.
When is a threat insufficient? The answer to this question is largely based on the concept of cognitive dissonance, or the inability to explain a situation to a person. Insufficient deterrence occurs when a person’s behavior is justified by the threat or reward alone, rather than the circumstances or other factors that led to the threat or reward. In other words, a person’s behavior is justified by a stimulus that is weak enough to justify its underlying cause.
Insufficient deterrence occurs when people refrain from desirable activities when only a mild punishment is threatened. This results in cognitive dissonance, where people rationalize their actions by finding an internal reason to engage in them. The effect of this dissonance is called effort justification. Often, people justify their actions by rationalizing the benefits of the goal they desire. Ultimately, however, the threat of punishment is not strong enough to deter people from engaging in an action.
What is an example of insufficient justification?
One group of participants was given $1 for lying while another group was given $20 to lie. They found that the $1 group rated the task as being a lot more fun than the $20 group. The insufficient justification effect occurred.
What is an example of insufficient punishment?
Using it. To stop someone doing something, don’t threaten massive punishment. Threaten only just enough (or use some other minimal technique) to stop them for a while.
What is the forbidden toy paradigm?
Conducted 2 experiments in the traditional “forbidden toy” paradigm to test the hypothesis that derogation of the forbidden toy is a means of making the temptation to play with the toy less frustrative, rather than of reducing cognitive dissonance.
When should we minimize dissonance?
Dissonance can be reduced in one of three ways: a) changing existing beliefs, b) adding new beliefs, or c) reducing the importance of the beliefs.
What is insufficient justification effect?
the finding that in some situations people are more likely to undertake a task that goes against their character or personal beliefs when offered a small reward versus a larger reward, and similarly more likely to decline a desired activity when presented with a mild threat versus a more serious threat.
What does minimal justification mean?
When someone does something and there is minimal justification for them doing it, this creates more dissonance than if they can explain it through a significant rationale. The dissonance then acts to make them internally justify the action, saying ‘I wanted to do it anyway because I like doing that sort of thing.
What is an example of internal justification?
Internal self-justification helps make the negative outcomes more tolerable and is usually elicited by hedonistic dissonance. For example, the smoker may tell himself that smoking is not really that bad for his health.
What is an example of justification of effort?
For example, when participants in an experiment are asked to perform a task such as circling numbers, the task is subsequently liked more when undertaken with instructions that make it high (vs. low) in effort.
Insufficient justification is an effect studied in the discipline of social psychology. It states that people are more likely to engage in a behavior that contradicts their personally held beliefs when they are offered a smaller reward, in comparison to a larger reward.
What is the Freedman Toy experiment?
In a study by Jonathan Freedman, young boys were threatened with severe consequences if they played with a specific, interesting toy (a robot). They immediately complied. But when they returned 6 weeks later without the Freedman there, they immediately went to play with the robot.
What were the findings of the Aronson and carlsmith 1963 study?
Research. Aronson and Carlsmith (1963) threatened children with either mild or severe punishment if they played with favored toys. None of them played with toys, even when left alone with them. Afterwards the children who had only been mildly threatened favored the toys less.
What is the theory of insufficient punishment?
Description. This is the dissonance felt when a person lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object. This often results in the person devaluing the forbidden thing.
When trying to reduce dissonance a person can?
Because the dissonance is aversive, the individuals try to reduce it by changing one or the other beliefs. For example, when making a difficult decision, individuals show attitude change that justifies the decision.
What does it mean to reduce dissonance?
the process by which a person reduces the uncomfortable psychological state that results from inconsistency among elements of a cognitive system (see cognitive dissonance).
What is the hardest way to reduce dissonance?
Dissonance can be eliminated by reducing the importance of the conflicting beliefs, acquiring new beliefs that change the balance, or removing the conflicting attitude or behavior.
How do you treat dissonance?
Dissonance can be reduced by changing existing beliefs, adding new beliefs, or minimizing the importance of the beliefs. Take, for instance, an example proposed by Festinger: A heavy smoker who knows smoking is bad for his health will experience dissonance because he continues to puff away.
More Answers On What Is Insufficient Deterrence
What is insufficient deterrence? – AskingLot.com
b) insufficient deterrence: when people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity even when only mild punishment is threatened. 3. Click to see full answer. Also to know is, what is an example of insufficient justification? Insufficient Justification Effect.
Five Things About Deterrence | National Institute of Justice
NIJ’s “Five Things About Deterrence” summarizes a large body of research related to deterrence of crime into five points. 1. The certainty of being caught is a vastly more powerful deterrent than the punishment. Research shows clearly that the chance of being caught is a vastly more effective deterrent than even draconian punishment.
Deterrence as a Sentencing Purpose (Vic) | Armstrong Legal
General deterrence. General deterrence, on the other hand, aims to act as a warning to the general public that if a person commits this offence, this is the penalty they will incur. Notably, whilst the courts are open for anyone to attend and hear a sentence, general deterrence becomes of significant weight generally only in highly publicised …
Deterrence | Model Diplomacy
Deterrence means discouraging unwanted behavior through the threat of significant punishment. Sometimes the threat of severe consequences is enough to discourage or deter a threat without requiring…
Specific Deterrence – Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes
The objective of deterrence is to make the punishment harsh enough that the public will fear receiving a similar punishment, and will be dissuaded from engaging in similar criminal behavior in the future. Retributivism is a form of punishment that differs from deterrence.
DOC
This section has defined deterrence as the avoidance of criminal acts through fear of punishment. Deterrence exists in a number of forms, including absolute, general and specific deterrence. Deterrence theory is based on the economic theory of rational choice, which suggests that individuals will weigh up the costs and benefits of committing …
Deterrent theory of punishment: its basis, characteristics, factors …
Certainty and severity of punishment undoubtedly are necessary to make deterrence effective, but alone they are insufficient. For a threat of punishment to be effective as a deterrent, the threat must be credible and communicated.
Sentencing Factors- Mental Illness | National Judicial College of …
General deterrence still operates when a court is sentencing an offender with a mental impairment but its effect is, to use a phrase sometimes used in the cases, ‘sensibly moderated’. In many cases, general deterrence will be given less weight because the offender is simply an inappropriate medium for making an example to others.
Logistics interoperability, deterrence and resilience – why working as …
Effective logistics supports the development of offsets and deterrence pre-crisis and empowers flexible responses during one. Military partnerships exponentially improve the depth of logistics capacity available, creating force posture options that may not have existed before, shape regional capability, and influence long-term commitment through the sharing of organic and non-organic national …
Insufficient Punishment – Changing minds
Description This is the dissonance felt when a person lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object. This often results in the person devaluing the forbidden thing. Research Aronson and Carlsmith (1963) threatened children with either mild or severe punishment if they played with favored toys.
Defence update: in an increasingly dangerous neighbourhood, Australia …
It is sometimes helpful to think of defence as being like a signposted home insurance policy and alarm system, designed to deter intruders and provide for potential calamity. The ADF capability, to…
The Forgotten Benefits of Deterrence | The National Interest
It is a way to avoid highly damaging outcomes without having to disarm or disable an adversary—which often would be exceedingly painful and costly to do. It is a way to protect interests that may…
General Deterrence – Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes
Deterrence is the act of punishing an individual who has committed a crime in such a manner as to warn others not to do the same, else they too will receive a similar punishment. Deterrence often goes hand in hand with retributivism. Retributivism is the belief that punishment is necessary once a crime has been committed.
Insufficient justification – Wikipedia
Insufficient justification is an effect studied in the discipline of social psychology. It states that people are more likely to engage in a behavior that contradicts their personally held beliefs when they are offered a smaller reward, in comparison to a larger reward.
Deterrence | Death Penalty Information Center
The essence of the theory is that the threat of being executed in the future will be sufficient to cause a significant number of people to refrain from committing a heinous crime they had otherwise planned. Deterrence is not principally concerned with the prevention of further killing by an already convicted death-penalty defendant.
Bad Idea: Relying on “Integrated Deterrence” Instead of Building …
While these techniques could contribute to an overall deterrence posture, there is an implicit danger in relying on these means to persuade an adversary of the folly of military aggression—particularly if that dependence is used as justification to restrict the investments necessary for building sufficient U.S. military power. Certainly, America’s two primary potential adversaries, China …
Restoring Deterrence
Russia was emboldened by the economic interdependencies that it has cultivated, and it was empowered by its status as a permanent, veto-wielding member of the United Nations Security Council. Deterrence must include measures either to neutralize or contain both factors. The war in Ukraine is the result of insufficient deterrence. Ultimately …
American Deterrence’s Missing Half | RAND
American Deterrence’s Missing Half. After much hemming and hawing, Congress in December finally passed a $768 billion defense authorization bill, some $25 billion over what the Biden administration had requested. For defense hawks, this is good news.
Ten Serious Flaws in Nuclear Deterrence Theory
Nuclear deterrence is the threat of nuclear retaliation for a proscribed behavior, generally an attack upon the threatening state. The theory of nuclear deterrence posits that such threat, if perceived as real and likely to cause sufficient devastation, will prevent an attack or other proscribed behavior from occurring.
Bad Idea: Relying on “Integrated Deterrence” Instead of Building …
This summer, U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin debuted the term “Integrated Deterrence” to describe the Biden administration’s proposed new concept to avert military aggression.
Deterrence (penology) – Wikipedia
Deterrence (penology) Deterrence in relation to criminal offending is the idea or theory that the threat of punishment will deter people from committing crime and reduce the probability and/or level of offending in society. It is one of five objectives that punishment is thought to achieve; the other four objectives are denunciation …
Managing Deterrence in the 21st Century Stephan Frühling and Andrew O’Neil The introductory chapter to this volume opened with the premise that US allies in Europe and the Indo-Pacific need to become more embedded in, and proficient with, discussions with Washington over escalation and nuclear deterrence. In the Indo-Pacific, long gone are the days when the US and its allies were content …
Guest Post: Dr. Frank Hoffman on “Conceptualizing Integrated Deterrence”
Conceptualizing Integrated Deterrence. by Frank Hoffman. The Pentagon will soon revise its primary strategic guidance, updating the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) issued by the Trump Administration in January 2018. That document will require a reconsideration of the strategic environment to reflect external challenges such as China’s …
Three Pillars of Fraud Deterrence and Detection
Three central themes are critical to fraud deterrence and detection, according to “The Fraud-Resistant Organization.”. To some extent, they all involve aspects of a strong ethical culture: an action-based commitment to ethical behavior from top management, increased skepticism and a questioning mind-set, and robust communication from all …
Retribution Exclusive of Deterrence – An Insufficient Justification for …
The retribution justification for capital punishment is insufficient without reliance on the deterrence justification; the two theories of justification are not mutually exclusive. Abstract Retribution justification requires a certain outcome on the issue of whether capital punishment does or does not deter offenses: capital punishment must be shown to have a positive deterrent effect on …
followed by insufficient deterrence and insufficient retribution in Rwanda and in the former Yu g o s l a v i a . Another example of insufficient neutralization is the case of Pinochet. Violations dimin-ished in Chile during the late 1970s and 1980s because of the international political reaction, among other factors. This situation resulted in a partial neutralization complemented later by …
Nuclear Deterrence, Intimidation, and Propaganda: Which is Which?
In terms of nuclear weapons strategy, there is a doctrine known as “escalate to deescalate” or “E2D”. This doctrine says that if a more powerful weapon is unable to be used, a lesser one would be adopted instead. This is just a fringe theory, yet no one can guarantee that the use of nuclear weapons would not intensify in the acts of retaliation.
Deterrence | Death Penalty Information Center
Overview. Deterrence is probably the most commonly expressed rationale for the death penalty. The essence of the theory is that the threat of being executed in the future will be sufficient to cause a significant number of people to refrain from committing a heinous crime they had otherwise planned. Deterrence is not principally concerned with …
deterrence during crisis periods, when the United States feared that Soviet aggression against Berlin was imminent. Most classic studies suggest that general deterrence is easier than immediate deterrence. A potential aggressor may pass long periods without being tempted to take aggressive actions. It is in the specific moments when aggression seems especially enticing or des-perately required …
DOC
This section has defined deterrence as the avoidance of criminal acts through fear of punishment. Deterrence exists in a number of forms, including absolute, general and specific deterrence. Deterrence theory is based on the economic theory of rational choice, which suggests that individuals will weigh up the costs and benefits of committing …
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