Mandela fought against apartheid, a system of white supremacy in South Africa. Under apartheid, everyone was put into one of four racial categories: “white/European,” “black,” “coloured,” or “Indian/Asian.” Non‐white South Africans were second‐class citizens with little or no political power. Algeria Angola Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Democratic Republic of the…
Who fought in the Spanish Civil War? The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco FrancoFrancisco FrancoFrancoist Spain (Spanish: España franquista) or the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain with the title Caudillo. After his death…
The 2012 Benghazi attack was a coordinated attack against two United States government facilities in Benghazi, Libya, by members of the Islamic militant group Ansar al-Sharia. American fatalities and injuries of the 2012 Benghazi attack. Four Americans died in the 2012 Benghazi attack: Ambassador Chris Stevens, Information Officer Sean Smith,…
Texas Revolution, also called War of Texas Independence, war fought from October 1835 to April 1836 between Mexico and Texas colonists that resulted in Texas’s independence from Mexico and the founding of the Republic of Texas (1836–45). The Texas Revolution was primarily instigated and fought by American settlers who immigrated…
On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia. The engagement began when about 35,000 Union troops marched from the federal capital in Washington, D.C. to strike a Confederate force of 20,000 along a small river known as Bull Run. The nation had been shocked by…
The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist PartyChinese Communist PartyThe history of the People’s Republic of China details the history of mainland China since 1 October 1949, when Mao Zedong proclaimed the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen, after a near complete victory…
The Hundred Days offensive consisted of several offensive operations. The British, Australian, Belgian, Canadian, American and French troops participated in this decisive offensive. The German offensive concluded in July 1918. The German army had reached the shores of the Marne, but there they were defeated. During this period a series…
Silesian Wars, 18th-century contests between Austria and Prussia for the possession of Silesia. The First Silesian War (1740–42) and the Second Silesian War (1744–45) formed parts of the great European struggle called the War of the Austrian SuccessionWar of the Austrian SuccessionWhat is known collectively as the War of the…
It is believed that Duchamp coined the term ’found art’. A prime example remains Fountain, Duchamp’s urinal laid flat on its back, not upright, and enshrined on a pedestal in an art museum. He signed it with the pseudonym “R. Mutt”. any creative work of a human being a form…
Bahawalpur was founded in 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan I, after migrating to the region around Uch from Shikarpur, Sindh. Bahawalpur replaced Derawar as the clan’s capital city. Bahawalpur state was founded in 1609 AD by Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi. On 22 February 1833, Abbasi III entered into subsidiary alliance…